How much space does a heat pump need and how to install it?

Heat pumps are modern and eco-friendly heating systems that provide thermal comfort and domestic hot water – without the need to build a boiler room or connect to a flue. This makes them ideal both for new buildings and for those undergoing modernisation. A key factor in their efficiency is choosing the right installation location, which affects the unit’s performance and durability. Among the available solutions, air-to-water heat pumps are very popular. Their main advantage is relatively simple installation and lower initial costs, making them an attractive choice for many investors. In addition, they take up little space, which is important in buildings with limited usable area. In turn, ground source and water source heat pumps are characterised by higher energy efficiency; however, their installation requires greater financial outlay and groundworks. Even so, long-term savings may outweigh the initial investment costs. That is why it is worth analysing all options carefully, taking into account both the available space and the budget. When planning the installation of a heat pump, you should consider the required space for both the outdoor and indoor units. Their correct placement is crucial for optimal system operation. A carefully planned installation allows you to make full use of the unit’s potential and ensure maximum efficiency. If you are planning the hydraulic side of the system, you can also explore heat pump plate heat exchangers to match the unit and the heating circuit.

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What are the dimensions and space requirements of a heat pump?

Selecting the right dimensions of the outdoor and indoor units of a heat pump is crucial for efficient use of space. Standard outdoor units of air-to-water heat pumps usually take up approx. 0.9–1.5 m² (depending on output). Indoor units, on the other hand, require less than 1 m², which makes them easier to install even in small rooms. Another important aspect is the minimum room volume where the indoor unit is located. It should be matched to the amount of refrigerant in the system to ensure safe and efficient operation. In the case of split heat pumps, consisting of two units, careful planning of their placement is key to making optimal use of the available space.

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Plate Heat Exchanger NORDIC Tec Ba-27-90 1 1/4" 500kW

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How much space do the outdoor and indoor units take up?

The outdoor unit should be installed at least 30 cm from the building wall, which ensures unrestricted airflow and maximises system efficiency. In the case of monoblock heat pumps, outdoor units take up about 1 m², and their compact indoor units can be placed in various rooms, offering great flexibility when planning the installation. The indoor unit should be located in a dry room with a temperature of 0 to 35 °C. Such conditions guarantee correct operation and a long service life, which translates into trouble-free use of the system.

Minimum distances from the building and the plot boundary

When installing a heat pump, you should keep to specific distances from the building and the plot boundary:

1. Distance from the building wall: The outdoor unit should be at least 30 cm from the wall to ensure adequate air circulation.
2. Distance from the plot boundary: It is worth keeping a safe distance from the plot boundary and checking local requirements (e.g. regarding noise or planning requirements) as well as the manufacturer’s recommendations to avoid neighbour disputes.
3. Installation height: It is recommended to place the unit on a foundation at a height of 30–60 cm above the ground, which facilitates condensate drainage and protects the unit from the effects of weather conditions.

Additionally, choosing a location sheltered from strong wind and excessive sunlight can have a positive impact on the heat pump’s operating efficiency.

Where is the best place to install a heat pump?

Choosing the right place for heat pump installation is crucial for its efficiency and user comfort. Most often, it is installed in a technical room (e.g. a utility room), a garage, or a basement, avoiding living areas due to the noise generated. Less frequently used rooms work best, which minimises any acoustic inconvenience. In the case of split heat pumps, the indoor unit can also be placed in a laundry room or walk-in wardrobe, offering greater flexibility in interior layout.

Outdoor unit installation – key principles

During outdoor unit installation, you should ensure a stable, level foundation that raises the unit above ground level. This solution protects against mechanical damage and ensures unrestricted airflow, which is key to efficient system operation. In addition, adequate space should be maintained around the unit so as not to disrupt air circulation. It is also worth paying attention to noise levels – placing the unit away from bedrooms and areas that require quiet significantly improves user comfort.

Indoor unit installation – requirements and recommendations

The indoor unit of a heat pump should be located in a room with an appropriate volume, which affects the safety and efficiency of its operation. Unlike traditional heating systems, it does not require a boiler room, which provides greater flexibility in choosing a location. However, it is essential to take into account the amount of refrigerant in the system, as this determines the minimum required space. A well-considered installation location helps avoid operational issues and ensures long-term, trouble-free operation of the unit.

What are the stages of heat pump installation?

The process of installing a heat pump requires careful planning to ensure maximum efficiency and durability. The first step is to prepare a design tailored to the building’s specifics and the needs of its occupants. Geographical and spatial conditions are of key importance, as they affect system performance. The installation cost is usually approx. £7 200–£30 700, i.e. approx. €8 300–€35 500 – the amounts depend on the type of system and the scope of work, and the conversions are worth verifying against the current exchange rate. The whole process typically takes 3 to 7 working days.

Installing an air-to-water heat pump

Air-to-water heat pumps are very popular due to relatively simple installation and lower initial costs. The outdoor unit takes up little space – about 1 m² – which allows it to be installed even where space is limited. It is crucial to ensure unrestricted airflow around the unit, as this affects its efficiency. Compact indoor units can be placed in various rooms, such as a technical room (e.g. a utility room) or a garage, offering great flexibility in space planning.

Installing a ground source and water source heat pump

Ground source and water source heat pumps require more advanced installation work, including drilling for vertical or horizontal collectors. Ground source systems draw heat from the ground, which ensures stable performance all year round, regardless of weather conditions. Water source heat pumps, in turn, use energy stored in groundwater or surface water, which requires access to suitable water resources and obtaining the relevant permits.

1. Analysis of local conditions – before choosing a system, you should assess space availability and geological conditions.
2. Installation design – preparing a detailed installation plan tailored to the building’s specifics.
3. Groundworks – drilling boreholes or laying horizontal collectors.
4. Installation of the indoor and outdoor units – fitting the equipment and connecting it to the heating system.
5. Testing and commissioning – checking correct operation and optimising settings.

The choice of the right system should take into account local conditions and space availability. It is worth consulting an expert to select a solution best suited to individual needs.

What are the costs and funding options for installation?

When planning a heat pump installation, it is worth analysing all costs carefully. Their level depends on several factors, such as the type of unit, its output, and the specifics of the building. In addition, you should include expenses related to preparing the installation site and any modernisation work. Fortunately, various forms of financial support are available that can significantly reduce the initial outlay. In the UK, various grant schemes, reliefs, or local support for renewable energy sources and improving energy efficiency may be available – it is worth checking the current conditions where you live and with your installer. What’s more, funding for heat pumps not only reduces upfront costs, but also speeds up the return on investment. Lower energy bills and long-term savings make heat pumps an increasingly attractive option for those looking for eco-friendly and cost-effective heating solutions.

How to look after a heat pump after installation?

After installing a heat pump, regular servicing and maintenance are crucial. This is the best way to ensure a long service life and maximum unit efficiency. Systematic technical inspections make it possible to detect minor issues before they turn into costly faults. That is why it is worth using a professional heat pump service to ensure optimal system operation. Basic maintenance tasks include:

1. Cleaning filters – ensures unrestricted airflow and prevents a drop in performance.
2. Checking the refrigerant level – necessary to maintain optimal unit operation.
3. Assessing the technical condition of key components – helps avoid unexpected faults.

Modern monitoring systems allow ongoing tracking of the heat pump’s operating parameters. This makes it possible to adjust its operation to current needs, which translates into higher energy efficiency and lower running costs. Regular analysis of energy consumption also helps quickly detect any irregularities in system operation. As part of inspections, it is also worth checking the condition of the heat pump heat exchangers, which are responsible for efficient energy transfer and are crucial to the performance of the entire system. Proper maintenance and servicing of a heat pump significantly extend its service life. Taking care of the unit’s technical condition is an investment that ensures reliable and economical heating for many years. Regular inspections are key to maintaining maximum system performance and avoiding unforeseen problems.

Read more

• Which plate exchanger for a heat pump?
• How does an air heat pump work?
• How to protect a heat pump from an old central heating system?